Cultural Relativism and Whistleblowing Essay

Explain using the ethics of cultural relativism the advantages and disadvantages of whistle blowing Cultural relativism is the principle regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself (Chegg.com: 2012). It is the concept that the importance of a particular cultural idea varies from one society or societal subgroup to another and that ethical and moral standards are relative to what a particular society or culture believes to be good or bad, right or wrong. In other words, â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs. According to Philosophy All About.org (2012) the view that the varied moral or ethical systems are all equally valid is based on the idea that there is no ultimate standard of good or evil; so every judgment about right and wrong is a product of society. Therefore, any opinion on morality or ethics is subject to the cultural perspective of each person. Ultimately, this means that no moral or ethical system can be considered the â€Å"best,† or â€Å"worst,† and no particular moral or ethical position can actually be considered â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong.† Cultural perspective therefore can help us understand why certain actions are considered right or wrong by a particular culture. The actions being referred to include the act of whistle blowing. Boatwright (2009: 90) defines the act whistle blowing as the release of information by a member or former member of an organisation that is evidence of illegal and/or immoral conduct in the organisation or conduct in the organisation that is not in the public interest. Nadler and Schulman (2006) assert that whistle blowing is intricately linked to ethics in that it represents a person’s understanding, at a deep level, that an action his or her organisation is taking is taking is harmful and that it interferes with people’s rights or is unfair or detracts from the common good. The question therefore from a cultural relativism perspective is, through which culture’s lens is the â€Å"common good† being viewed. If in the prevailing culture whistle blowing is a common and acceptable practice an atmosphere where the advantages of whistle blowing has been cultivated. According to Trimborn (2012) the most important of the advantages is that whistle-blowing often ends long-standing wrongdoing that would have otherwise continued. Organisations who encourage a whistle blowing culture, promote transparent structure and effective, clear communication. More importantly, whistle blowing can protect the organization’s clients. Trimborn (2012) cites the example of a hospital employing a number of negligent staff members. Other, more ethically inclined, employees would need to bring such issues to the hospital’s attention, protecting the organization from possible lawsuits or severe mishaps resulting in a patient’s demise. In the case of clear workplace violations of health and safety regulations, or breach of employment laws, workers are protected and their rights upheld. With regard to research or technical issues, whistle-blowers may cite internal memos and other documentation to prove doubts existed about a product (such as a cover- up of certain medication dangers) or that false research results were knowingly published. Whistle-blowers often highlight safety concerns regarding cars or other products, thus protecting an unsuspecting public. Whistle-blowing upholds the law, protects many from the impact of wrongdoing, reveals the truth and prevents further wrongdoing. In cultures where whistle-blowing is frowned upon devastating consequences can be visited upon the whistle blower. Trimborn (2012) reveals some of whistle blowing’s negative repercussions. Firstly, it can bring termination of the whistle-blower’s services by the organization. It would be difficult to remain, no matter how justifiable the decision to reveal illegalities and no matter how much the revelations would actually benefit others. Secondly, big-time revelations could bring down the organization causing everyone to lose their jobs. Thirdly, the whistle-blower can get stigmatized as â€Å"disloyal† and be discredited in some way. Fourthly, the organization and sometimes colleagues may exact some form of revenge on the whistle-blower in retribution. Thus, the whistle-blower is somehow blamed for the wrongdoing and fired without an opportunity for vindication. In communities, the whistle-blower and family may be subject to hostile treatment, viewed as acting out of self-interest with a view to gaining advancement at others’ expense. In conclusion, unless culture, practice and the law indicate that it is safe and accepted for whistle-blowers to raise a genuine concern about corruption or illegality, workers will assume that they risk victimisation, losing their job or damaging their career. They even risk being cast out or ostracised by the communities they emanate from. In cultures where a safety net for whistle-blowers exists the whistle-blower is marked as a person of integrity who has the backbone to do what is right no matter what. It lets others know the whistle-blower can be trusted to deal with others honestly. It also limits the effects of intimidation tactics designed to sway whistle-blowers from taking appropriate action where necessary (Young: 2007).

Social work shadowing

Cases are held on a short term bases, which could be Initial Assessment, then or a Core Assessment, or a Strategy meeting then if further work is require, it will then be passed on to the long term Team. It was arranged for me to shadow Robert Mega In the Intake Team; he introduced me to the other team members and found a desk for me next to his own desk. Robert told me that he only Just found that I was to be shadowing him that day and that was why the Team Managers were not aware of It when I was Introduced to them.He asked what I wanted to know or do for the day, I explained that I was there o observe and if able attend visits or meetings. Robert had 2 visits planned, one was an unannounced visit and he had to call before hand regarding the other one. However, when he called and spoke with the client at length, there was no need for an appointment that day. Robert hold another case that he was working on which involved Child Protection issues, he wanted to fully understand the nex t procedures that he needed to undertake and asked if I could look in the London Child Protection procedures to check the next steps he needed to follow.After looking into the Procedures, It would seem that Robert was already on the right track and the next step was to either have a Strategy meeting or undertake a Core Assessment on the family. The Social Work Law Robert was working wealth was Children Act 1989†¦.. Before Robert left for unannounced visit he briefed his Team Manager who gave advice and suggestions to complete during time at the family's home. The arranged time for the visit was planned after young person finishes school and was estimated that she would be at home by the time the visit was to commence.When we arrived he young person was just arriving home, her mother opened the door and if she was surprised, she hid it well and was forthcoming inviting us in. She co-operated well as did young person who was a teenager with all the typical attitudes of a young pe rson her age. The school had raised concerns re the young person, however the concerns were unfounded after Robert spoke with the family. The young person was resistance when asked If we could see her room, but she complied after assurance that It would be a brief observance of the room and nothing more.A meeting was planned at the school which the family will attend and Robert will also attend and discuss his findings. Shadow day 16th May Davis House This Team was a very large team with many Social Workers and a number of Managers as well as a team of Admit workers, finance worker and Project worker. Susan introduced me to the many members of the team, she had already arranged for me to observe within a Referral Strategy Meeting that was due to start. During the introductions with the team one of the Social Workers had a Review Meeting to whichI asked if I could attend and observe. Strategy Meeting was to discuss and arranged and put plans in place regarding the unaccompanied minor who was the subject of the meeting. Brief overview was a 14 year old with a possibility of trafficking background, placed with Foster careers, but has now gone missing. Discussions took place around the safety of the young person, the possibility that she could be in the hands of people who are in the trafficking industry, or maybe she made friends with people she has met and is able to work and sustain herself.Other possibilities were issued and suggestions as to how to locate her were put forward. It was suggested that the Media was a very good source of outlet to use and because the young person might be high risk, this is one way that could bring about positive results. Discussions also took place about the Foster Careers who were currently feeling that they were to blame for YAP going missing. The meeting felt that the foster careers needed further training and that their Supervising Social Worker to visit and offer support.My next observance was the Review meeting of a young person who as now placed with new Foster Careers but the Review was already planned and too late to cancel. There were doubts about the real age of said YAP, it was believed that she was older than she stated, however she had to be treated and referred to as the age she said she was. The Reviewing Officer was very through and all aspects of the reviewing issues of young person were dealt with. I had the opportunity to observe duty and had the procedures explained to me.When an unaccompanied Minor from another present themselves or come to the attention of the Home Office they are offered to Crayon Social Services. There is usually a Social Worker based at the Home Office in Crayon. If there are queries regarding the YAP age, an age assessment need to take place. If the young person appears to be under 16 they are places with Foster Careers if they appear older they are placed in B and passed on to the 16 plus team. All accompanied Minors are placed On Crayon Data base, it seems that Crayon is one of the Boroughs that is targeted by those who claim to be an unaccompanied Minor. Janet Williams

Wage Determination in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wage Determination in the UAE - Essay Example If the job is of private sector, foreign applicants would be preferred (Abdalla et al., 2010, p. 165). The difference in the access to job opportunities for the national and foreign applicants can fundamentally be attributed to the high level of segregation in the labor market. The public and private sectors in the UAE are completely independent with their own characteristics, criteria, and culture. The public sector is almost entirely meant for the national applicants whereas the private sector almost entirely accommodates the foreign workers. This is because of the fact that companies in the public sector are government-owned and thus can accommodate the high expectations of the national workers with respect to wage and benefits. Foreign workers in the public sector are vulnerable to discrimination and stereotyping because of their rarity amidst the abundance of national workers of the UAE. On the other hand, companies operating in the private sector place emphasis on maximizing th eir profits. So hiring national workers of the UAE does not prove a cost effective option. Besides, the national workers of the UAE are also less equipped with the talents and competences required by the companies operating in the private sector. ... While mentioning experience, it is important to note that companies both in the public and the private sector mostly value experience that is gained within the UAE rather than elsewhere. So a worker with ten years of experience in India or Pakistan might be considered equivalent to a college freshman in the UAE. Conditions of job in the private sector in the UAE are tougher as compared to those in the public sector. An example of this is more number of working hours in the private sector than those in the public sector (Abdalla et al., 2010, p. 171). Therefore, as an individual gets more experienced within the UAE, he/she prefers to work in the public sector rather than the private sector, though the basic factors of nationality and gender are still considered. The segregation of labor market in the UAE can be attributed to the fact that the UAE wants to protect the rights of its national workers and considers their employment more important than those of the foreign workers. Educati onal level of a worker plays a significant role in his/her productivity. The more educated the worker, the more productive he/she is because of the added knowledge he/she has as compared to a less educated worker. Citizenship of the employee generally does not have any impact on the employee’s productivity because irrespective of citizenship, all employees have to work in the culture of the UAE industry following the norms and rules of the UAE. Working hours per week do have a connection with productivity. There is an optimal number of working hours that promise maximal productivity. Working hours above or below them reduce the productivity.

Introduction to Java Programming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Java Programming - Research Paper Example The borrowers are registered in the system and they can borrow books from the library through the system. Likewise, the borrower is represented in the first row as the class name of the borrower entity followed by its attributes and, lastly, the methods in the borrower class. The same criteria applies to the book and the employee classes The library main functions are to purchase, store, catalogue, as well as lend books to its users, especially the borrowers, including its employees. It also registers and stores the information regarding its employees and borrowers presenting each party with a unique identification number. The borrowers are involved with such activities as borrowing books and returning books while the library lends books, updates and makes addition of new borrows. The following use case diagram shows all the above named activities involving the borrower and the library. There are two main actors in this system, including the employee and the borrower. For the lending case, the employee (librarian) should be on the right hand side of the system, since it’s the main actor. He checks the library card to verify the borrower identity before lending out the

Dynamics of Strategy Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Dynamics of Strategy - Dissertation Example The current study tries to investigate the strategies that are pursed by Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc and whether they are successful or not? Especially in context of on-line business that has opened up numerous options for the organization that can be effectively tapped. An extensive external business environment evaluation will be undertaken for determining the impact of external factors on company’s strategy (Tassou S & Ge Y, retrieved on 20th April, 2011). The e-strategic resource capability of Morrison would be analyzed in order to figure out its potential and capacity to meet the current demand and requirement of the retail industry. And lastly, it will also be examined whether Morrison is in strategic fir with the environment or needs certain reconstruction in its policies and procedures to sustain in the competitive league (Scotland H, 2005). INTRODUCTION Wm Morrison Supermarket plc is generally referred to as ‘Morrison’ which was initially propounded by W illiam Morrison way back in the year 1899, one of the most important organization featuring in the FTSE 100 Index with almost 375 stores in operations currently. The organization is widely spread in both the northern and southern part of England and strong presence in other regions as well. The organization prefers to keep its working as simple as possible but renders it services efficiently and effectively with the company policy to keep the pricing low and maintaining high efficiency level. The study would analyze the strategic approaches of Wm Morrison Supermarket plc through traditional marketing tools such as PESTEL, Porter’s five forces model, along with emergent and international market strategy on e-business or online business strategy adopted by Morrison.. The company’s financial decision making and risk analysis approach would also be studied intensively. The term in itself is too wide; e-business can actually describe the organizations operation. E-business also reveals the various applications of information and communication technologies that a business can apply for attaining a cost reduction, enhancement in customer quality services and creating a new market for exiting products and for newly developed products. Morrison can effectively make use of e-business strategy in order to maximize its competitive advantage. However, what Morrison actually needs to work upon is: 1) The excessive high costs which the firm has incurred in the ICT investment and also the financial analysis for the investment amount regarding its payback time period and the profits which can be recovered from the same. 2) The organization has to ensure that best technical skills and managerial skills must be available for putting the strategy into actual implementation. 3) Thirdly the disinclination of the firm towards marinating networking relationships with other enterprises must be overcome for attaining optimum results. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Morrison’s vi sion for the future is to exhibit itself as a ‘

UK Industrial Restrictions on Labour Relations Essay

UK Industrial Restrictions on Labour Relations - Essay Example Industrial Relations and the UK lawsContrary to common practice, the UK has demonstrated significant laxity in promoting exclusive protection of human rights as stipulated in the European Convention on Human Rights. Specifically, the laws governing the entire United Kingdom are all statutory provisions with no written constitution. In addition, the UK government and the bicameral legislative system believe that all actions of the multitude must be controlled to ensure peace and vigilant administration (Geyer, Mackintosh and Lehmann 2005, p.137). For that reason, the legislature has since passed resolutions and Acts of Parliament that are essentially retrogressive to the freedom from forced labour or slavery in general. Ideally, the UK laws are strict in nature and most of them empower the government and employers to take necessary course of action against potential or actual breach of employment contract. While the law provides for industrial intervention, it is cumbered with several restrictions that render the practice a perpetual impossibility.On the other hand, Trade Unions in the UK are prohibited from supporting acts that might construe an inducement to breach employment contract or performance of such duties as appertain to the agreement between individuals and their employers (Gladstone and Wheeler 1992, p.35). Besides, the UK perceives strikes as an expressed act of breaking employment agreement while such actions ought to mean a suspended contract rather than breach.

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals - Research Paper Example On the first argument, the fruit of the forbidden tree doctrine, also known as the exclusionary rule, states that â€Å"not only is the Government precluded from basing a conviction on illegally obtained evidence, but also is forbidden any use of evidence derived solely from the product of the unlawful search and seizure.† (Bartlett, 1967: 251). A usual example of this is confessions extracted through torture. An accused in custody who was subjected to water treatment or psychological duress in order to extract and admission that he committed the crime, when he is subsequently brought to court to be tried, his confession cannot be used to evidence his guilt. It can, however, be used to prove irregularity in his arrest and custody. These are â€Å"procedural safeguards† (Brandsdorfer, 1987: 1082) designed to ensure that constitutional precepts are followed and that a fair trial will be given to the accused. Indeed, even the right of the accused to be given a Miranda warn ing is of such a high value that failure of the policemen to comply with this renders the arrest irregular. No doubt, if the police officer decides to violate the law and ignore the rules on arrest and custody, the courts will afterwards use it to acquit the accused, even though he or she may be guilty of the crime charged. A very powerful criminal who can hire the best lawyers, for example, will be exculpated from the crime and violance he committed because the police officers were careless in the application of the rules. At the end of the day, this renders law enforcement and the criminal justice system inutile in the apprehension of criminals. â€Å"Outrageous Government Conduct† The jurisprudence surrounding entrapment and outrageous government conduct as valid defenses in a criminal prosecution remains to be much discussed, and the debates on whether and when these defenses may be employed remain to be the subject of much debate and controversy. The need to balance the demands of law and order, on the one hand, and the rights of the accused to due process on the other, is the central dilemma that undergirds the debate. The notion that behavior of state agents that â€Å"shocks the conscience† could constitute a violation of the right to due process of the accused and consequently, could secure the dismissal of the charges against him was first laid down in the case of Rochin v. California [342 us 165 (1952)]. In that particular case, the officers forcibly induced the accused to vomit capsules that they believed to be containing drugs.

Film black gold written response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Film black gold written response - Essay Example The export revenue from coffee seems like a decent enough percentage but its actual significance is something else altogether. Export revenue of 70% in Ethiopia is very small, failing to reach any amount greater than the $500 million mark. However, the $500 million used to import the coffee from Ethiopia has been churned into billions when they arrive at the markets. From a casual look, one would expect the producers of coffee to be very rich and live in lavish conditions, filled with unfathomed and consistent prosperity. The contrary holds true, however. In Ethiopia, a kilogram of coffee goes for a paltry $1, where as in the importing markets, this same kilogram is used to make approximately 80 coffee cups which sell at an average total of $230. This shocking evaluation alone screams of an unpalatable equality, even if other things fail to reveal this fact of an undesirable difference in fortunes. The world coffee market is largely dominated by four principal multi-global enterprises. These are the Proctor and Gamble, Sara Lee, Nestle and Kraft. These enterprises buy their coffee at very low prices, yet in turn sell the same at very exorbitant prices. In the end, therefore, the margins for profits that they accrue if astoundingly high and incompatible with what they producers earn from this coffee trade (Black gold, 2006). In the world market, the second most actively traded commodity is coffee. The prices of coffee are determined by the NYCSCE (that is, the New York Coffee Sugar and Cocoa Exchange). Buyers and sellers are merely market price takers and have no power to decide on the trading prices of coffee. In as much as coffee is regarded in nature as a soft good, principally because it is meant for consumption, it is yet important and irreplaceable, with its essence noticeable through and through in the markets. Coffee has possession of its own market that controls prices, whereby these prices are normally adhered to by

Seeking creative talents for visual design Essay

Seeking creative talents for visual design - Essay Example Aside from genuine enthusiasm to decorate one’s home, I also love to travel and to immerse myself in varied forms and styles of art in diverse genres. Upon remuneration, I am realized the determination to pursue a career in fashion, interior design and visual communication which brought me to the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising (FIDM). A quick glimpse of what FIDM offers immediately enticed my appeal. I chose FIDM for various reasons such as the commitment for the development of creative, innovative and leadership skills in the fields of Fashion, Visual Arts, Interior Design, and Entertainment. The varied options and alternatives of creative majors to choose from give me ample leeway to determine the career paths and the degree programs to pursue. Further, the expanse of industry contacts that FIDM is affiliated with would assist in defining employment opportunities that would help in the achievement of personal and professional goals. Actually, I plan to major i n visual communications due to the diversity in career paths and more varied opportunities open for graduates. As indicated, there are eight possible career options from majoring in visual communications, to wit: fashion public relations specialist, fashion stylist, promotions and events coordinator, retail visual and merchandise coordinator, set decorator, store visual manager, visual design director and visual stylist. I envision continuing to path that I have already. Further, the expanse of industry contacts that FIDM.

Bridgford Foods Essay Example for Free

Bridgford Foods Essay Bridgford Foods is known as a small, publicly traded company of the food industry. Clients of Bridgford Foods have a relatively high inherent risk. The operation of the said industry is subject to various risks, such as adverse changes in the general economic conditions, the evolution of consumer preferences, nutritional and health-related concerns, the inspections done, including the processing controls involved in the federal, state, and local products. The liability claims of consumer products and the risks associated with product tampering were also taken into careful consideration. Furthermore, several recalls made were associated with the recent outbreaks of illnesses among the meat and poultry products. Such greatly affected the operating results and the financial position of the company. In addition to this, industry characteristics were related to the factors that affected the assessment of materials of Bridgford Foods Corporation. Since the industry was very competitive, price cutting would have its related effects on the revenue. Unfortunately, Bridgford Foods was not part of the leading industries in the country. In terms of performance, the products of the said company were not as competitive as those of the leaders in the industry. In addition to this, the company is not as profitable and as financially stable as those of the major companies in the industry. For the year 2007, Bridgford Food had a decrease in its total sales, as compared to the other years. In a report issued, the company stated that, â€Å"sales for the first quarter ended in January 25, 2008, and was an estimated $1,319,000. Prior to the first twelve weeks of the fiscal year, there was a decrease in the total, which was 3.1%. The industry factors result in an increased assessment of the risk material misstatement of BridgFord Foods Corporation. This led to a lower determination of detection risk and more substantive tests. Estimations and assumptions were particularly important in the assessment of risks for material misstatement of Johnson, Inc. The management made certain estimations and assumptions that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. In addition to this, reported revenues and expenses during the respective reporting periods were also given much considerations. The amounts estimated related to liabilities for workers’ compensation, employee healthcare and pension benefits are especially subjected. The inherent risk relating to the accuracy of an account balance that involves a high degree of management judgment, or that is difficult to compute, is evaluated as high. Moreover, the credit risk of the company was diversified across a broad range clients and geographic regions. Losses incurred due to credit risks have recently been immaterial, with the client maintaining the cash balances at financial institutions. At times, these clients exceed the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of $100 million per institution. However, the clients have significant amounts receivable amounts with few of the well known clients, although historically secure, could also be subject to material risk when the operations of these clients begin to deteriorate. Regardless of such dilemma, the members of the Bridgford family can still exercise significant control over the company. This is due to the fact that the family owns approximately 77% in stocks of the company, making them own more than three fourths of the whole company. On top of this, three members of the Bridgford family were members of the Board of Directors. This gives the members of the Bridgford family the ability to exert substantial influence and power over the management and affairs of the company. This include matters requiring the action of shareholders. the amendment to by-laws, the election and removal of directors, merger proposals, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the assets and other corporate transactions. The Bridgford family members who own majority of the stocks dominate in the decision making of the company. This factor led to a higher risk assessment of material misstatement fore there were no reviews regarding important decisions and actions taken. However, these should be taken in the best interest of the company and its stockholders. The inherent limitations included the realities of faulty judgments and decision makings, including the breakdowns that can occur due to simple errors and mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some people, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. All the above factors increased inherent risk for a particular account balance assertion, making the evaluation relatively high. In the audit planning stage, where the evaluation of inherent risk for an account balance assertion is high, auditors regard this as a significant risk requiring special audit attention. The control risk of Bridgford foods is low. The client maintains and evaluates a system of internal accounting controls, and a program of internal auditing designed to provide reasonable assurance. In so doing, the company’s assets are protected and transactions were performed in accordance with the proper authorization, and were recorded accordingly. This system of internal accounting control is continually reviewed and modified in response to evolving business conditions and operations and to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm and internal auditor. The client also has an established a code of conduct. Furthermore, the audit committee is composed of independent directors who are not officers or employees of the client, and do not have other relationships that impair independence. The audit committees also employ two financial experts. They are effective in overseeing the quality of controls and the management of fraud. From those mentioned, I believe that the accounting and internal control systems provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and financial information is reliable, with the overall control risk low. In general, the design and implementation of internal control are considered effective. The increase in the risk of material misstatement due to these factors will result in a lower determination of detection risk and an increase in the scope of the auditors work. Pre-audit engagement risk is significantly and positively associated with the estimated level of discretionary accruals reported in audited financial statements. As higher levels of discretionary accruals have been shown to be associated with higher risk of post-audit litigation, it appears that rather than taking actions that result in higher-risk clients reporting less aggressive discretionary accruals, auditors instead are accepting a higher post-audit risk for these clients.

A Purposeless Pilgrimage: The Canterbury Tales

A Purposeless Pilgrimage: The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories told by the characters within the story, written by Geoffrey Chaucer. He wrote with a strong opinion which he uses to make a blatant statement about the Roman Catholic Church. His opinion is that people within the church, including the leaders can be living hypocritical lives. It reflects the idea that the characters in The Canterbury Tales were on a purposeless, spiritually meaningless pilgrimage. This piece directly addressed the religious issues of the common Englishman. Chaucer was not the only one to shine light on the religious hypocrisy, but he allowed even those of lower standing to become knowledgeable with the publishing of The Canterbury Tales. The most interesting development of Chaucers idea is that history agreed with his desire for change in the church. The Canterbury Tales altered the standing of the Roman Catholic Church by expressing to the common man that corruption existed within the commonly accepted church. Chaucer created The Canterbury Tales, a story of a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral in which each of the characters tell tales with morals. Chaucer began the prologue from the perspective of the main character. The nameless character was on his way to Canterbury Cathedral when he crossed paths with a large group headed in the same direction. He joined their group of twenty-nine, and he enlightened the reader to the appearances and personalities of his new acquaintances (Eds, 95. 19-27). Chaucer reached a new crowd with The Canterbury Tales in the way that common people could relate. Each character had a career, spouse and family; ambitions, motives, and a reputation. Although Chaucer never completed his initial plans for The Canterbury Tales, he wrote the prologue and twenty-four tales (Eds 90). Prentice Hall Literature claims, regardless of the technically incomplete work, the tales, stand together as a complete work, (90). This poem used the pilgrims and their stories to further the underlining message. The Canterbury Tales is a literary work which showed the prominence of religion in Chaucers time. At this time in England, Catholicism was the most predominant form of Christianity. Church leaders held great strength; their influence was remarkable. Singman and McClean venture so far as to say, Being a part of medieval England was in fact the same as being part of the church. All Christians in Western Europe were subject to the spiritual authority of the Pope (the Catholic Church was the only officially accepted church in Western Europe, although there were other churches elsewhere,) (26). Another large religious influence was the encouragement of monasticism. KÃ ¼ng wrote, In the officious church ideal view, the medieval world was a world dominated by priests, nuns, monks, and their ideal of continence, (105). Church, spirituality, and religion were fairly large aspects of the England before The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales altered the standing of the Roman Catholic Church. Hidden truths can be found through the characters and the tales of the pilgrims. Despite the fact that The Canterbury Tales is fiction, these people represented Englishmen of this time. Chaucer explained to the readers who they are and where they have come from. Many times he described with honorable qualities, yet the unfortunate, shameful qualities outweighed the positive. Anthony of Taize said, Chaucer, no doubt, more or less realized that he was better equipped to represent fallen nature than effective grace. That would help explain why critics use the word idealized to qualify Parson and Ploughman portraits. Still, he certainly knew a thing or two about the possible alternatives to the primrose path. The church could no longer be viewed the same due to the truths of the pilgrims. To note the troubled motives of the pilgrimage, Chaucer used examples of people who were expected to understand the significance of the pilgrimage. The Nun or Prioress was the first notable character. She earned the position of aristocracy and was a very refined and cultured woman. This nun, Madam Eglantyne was said to be greatly sentimental and kind, as well as wearing a bracelet with prayer beads and singing a daily prayer (122-166). Interestingly, she made her religious act of prayer very public; often times that is not necessary. In Matthew 6:5 it says, And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full, (The Treasure Study Bible 1324). Verse six and seven continue on to say prayer should often be private and personal. Although praying in public is not wrong, the motives of the Nun are questionable. Her prayers seem to have bee n simply out of duty. Swisher claims, [The] Prioress is more worldly than religious, (39). She gave the appearance of being spiritual, yet she does seem to be more concerned with etiquette. Her focus may have been on proper living and etiquette, but the Nun certainly would not be considered corrupt in comparison to her fellow spiritual aristocrats, the Monk and the Friar. Regarding the Monk, Chaucer wrote, The Rule of St. Benet or St. Maur/ As old and strict he tended to ignore; /He let go by the things of yesterday/ And took the moderns worlds more spacious way, (177-180). This monk certainly did not have the desire to oppose the ways of the world. He enjoyed food, and hunting and he spared no expense, (196). The Monk presented the disappointing reality of the devout religious figures. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer allowed the reader to know the Friar is a man who should not be trusted. The Friar, named Hubert, was an openly religious man (279). He was a member of all four of the monastic orders, yet he lived simply the way he wanted. Chaucer wrote, For he was qualified to hear confessions, / Or so he said, with more than priestly scope; / He had a special license from the Pope, (223-224). Chaucer then suggested, Therefore instead of weeping or prayer / One should give silver for a poor Friars care, (235-236). In lines 245-250, Chaucer described his relationship with barmaids and the nearby taverns. He wrote, For in so eminent as a man as he/ It was not fitting with the dignity/ Of his position. He embraced worldly living. Worldly living entirely contradicts the concept of being a friar. He rebuked those with a speck in their eye, ignoring the plank in his own (Matthew 7:3, The Treasure Study Bible 1326) . The stanzas continue recording all of the worldly activi ties in which he was involved. He abused his power, took advantage of the vulnerable, and participated in an immoral lifestyle. On the other hand for the first time in the entire prologue, the reader feels appreciation for one of the pilgrims. He was a holy-minded man, (487) who Chaucer declared truly knew Christs gospel and would preach it, (491). The Parson was diligent, humble, and led by following Gods Word himself. Chaucer never claimed such respectable things of the other twenty-eight pilgrims. This ideal pilgrim represented the hope for the Roman Catholic Church when everything else was falling apart. The genuine life of the Parson pointed out that not all of the church was in the wrong. The Parson represented the remaining purity. His lifestyle choices were almost directly opposite of the many other pilgrims. One notable difference was his extreme selflessness. Chaucer wrote, He much disliked extorting tithe or fee, unlike the Pardoner. He helped fellow Christians in need; he was just a call away (495-504).Chaucer was very clear about his standing with the Parson. I think there never was a better prie st. / He sought no pomp or glory in his dealing, / No scrupulosity had spiced his feelings./ Christ and His Twelve Apostles and their lore/ He taught, but followed it himself before, ( 534-536). True Christianity was certainly not prevalent in the message in The Canterbury Tales. Excluding the Parson, the majority of its characters contradicted the belief of purity and godliness. Chaucer saved the most extreme character descriptions for last; the Pardoner was one of the strongest examples of a corrupt religious character in The Canterbury Tales. The Pardoner sold relics of no value and of no significance to the gullible Christians by his convicting songs and sermons. John Wellford says, He is therefore a 14th century English version of the snake-oil salesman. He took advantage of the ignorant and deceived congregations into handing in hard-earned money for fake souvenirs. The most horrifying idea the Pardoner presented is the irony in his sermons and his lifestyle. He lived his life knowing right and doing wrong. The Pardoner was a man who led his life radically in contradiction to his supposed beliefs. The Pardoners moral in his tale was Radix malorum est cupiditas. The moral means Greed is the root of all evil, in Latin (Chaucer line 8, 142). His purpose in telling the tale was to reap the benefits of those simply wanting forgiveness and a relationship with God. The Pardoner wanted tangible benefits. He stated, But let me briefly make my purpose plain; I preach for nothing but for greed of gain, (41-42). Salvation of his listeners was completely insignificant to him (23). With the Pardoner, Chaucer provided a solid example of what the pilgrims should not be. Chaucers Canterbury Tales changed the way people viewed the Catholic Church. He chose to write a fictional story, yet his intentions are still clear. One cannot misconstrue a segment from The Canterbury Tales prologue. Chaucer wrote, For if a priest be foul in whom we trust / No wonder that a common man should rust; / And shame it is to see-let priests take stock-/ A soiled shepherd and a snowy flock. / The true example that a priest should give / Is one of cleanness, how the sheep should live, (511-515). Chaucer needed the common man to see the hypocrisy and double standards of the Roman Catholic Church in the thirteenth century. Conveniently, as history shows, reform was soon on its way (Collinson). Elton declared, The Church was full of weaknesses and abuses; reforms had been talked about for a very long time, (105). The Canterbury Tales assisted in preparation for what is known as The Reformation of the fourteenth century. The Roman Catholic Church was put on the spot, revealing the need for reform. The Canterbury Tales emphasized the realties of the Roman Catholic Church in Chaucers age. Chaucers piece of literature created quite the disruption in the typical view of accepting the church. He used the pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral to speak on the spiritual status of the nation and church. There was a very clear message of hypocrisy in the majority of the pilgrims who claim Christianity in the story. Looking from a Biblical perspective, their doctrine does not agree with their actions. The Canterbury Tales strengthened the desire for purity within the church.

Copernicus Essay -- essays research papers

Copernicus has been named one of the most influential people this millennia by Time Magazine; in part for his movements in though during the scientific revolution; creating a basis for modern astronomy and challenging the Church (of the 15th century) to lead the way to a reform in thinking. He did so by disproving (mathematically) a theory of the heavens that had existed for almost 14 centuries, established by a man named Charles Ptolemy in 250 AD. Copernicus revolutionized astronomy by creating a solid basis for it to stand on, discovering that "The Earth was not the centre of the cosmos, but rather one celestial body among many, as it became subject to mathematical description." He compiled a manuscript of his theories, including the retrogressive behaviour of the planets, cause by the Earth's daily rotation on its axis and yearly revolution around the sun. Much of Copernicus' influence was rooted in the minds of men for years, perhaps because his theories were not fully understood or appreciated until many years after his death in 1543. Finally, Nicolaus Copernicus had a theory published (anonymously) that went against Catholic Church authority, a very bold step for someone in that era. The Church relented, and allowed the circulation of the manuscript.The Ptolemic System, up until the 1510s was the only way of thinking about the solar system as they knew it. The Church firmly believed the Earth was the centre of the universe, and as far as the community in that era was concerned, the Church's way of thinking was the correct way of thinking. For a great many years, the Ptolemic System had ruled the minds of astronomers; the Earth was the centre of the universe, and that Mercury, Venus, our Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Sun all revolved around the Earth. As Copernicus recorded the movements of Mars, he noticed a peculiar pattern in its movements. Every night, its position differed slightly, mostly travelling west, then for a few days east again, then continuing west. He called the phenomenon retrograde motion, and it seemed to explain a rotation of the Earth. During his years as a student in universities (1491-1503), he found the first defects in the Ptolemic System, and after much concentration, he developed a manuscript with his theories of the Heaven in 1514, De revoltionibus orbium coelestium, libri (English Translation: On the Re... ...uestioned in Italy, and many new theories were being constructed. The expansion in thinking gave way for astronomers like Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei who further revolutionized astronomy as we know it today.Nicolaus Copernicus, born Mikolaj Kopernik, of Thorn, Poland accomplished a great many things, some we take for granted. He created an infinite number of possibilities of directions for astronomy to take. He expanded the minds of humans everywhere, and especially those of the Catholic Church. His manuscript De Revolutionibus created quite a stir, and raised a following among the students he lectured infrequently. "Considered the father of modern astronomy, he completely revolutionized science in the 1500s, giving way to others with radical theories to present them, and be accepted, not rejected." By the time of Copernicus' passing, most of Europe was thirsting for more information. What he contributed to astronomy will not be forgotten, and many new ideas sha ll rise because of his radical thinking, making him truly worthy of being 'The father of Modern Astronomy," and being placed on Time Magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the millenia.

Healthier Living Practices Essay -- Health, Public Spaces, Walking Env

Research has made it clear that healthier living practices need to be implemented in our daily lives. Health concerns have raised awareness and motivation throughout the world in recent years. An interest in more physically interactive public areas and spaces has been a proposed idea to the matter. The Chicago’s World Fair became a catalyst of sorts to organized, active and functional landscaping. Funding is provided from both state and federal agencies but has recently been an area of less concern. Ignoring potential health benefits from public areas by not constructing them is perhaps worth the extra available budget to some but recent studies show that the populous needs the areas to live healthier lives. Nevertheless, the success of these outdoor areas has left many questioning why their local community or city does not have such a place. More specifically explained by Joachim P Sturmberg, Carmel M. Martin and Di O’Halloran’s Journal, Music in the Park, parks offer â€Å"universal access and equity to be shared by all who want to go there (409).† Public spaces like parks and plazas offer many features that make them positive investments. Lavish open green lawns are a key factor and are the most notable characteristic of a park today. â€Å"The possibility of being physically active is greater among those living in areas with a larger proportion of land dedicated to public parks (1420).† The quote from Eduardo J. Simoes’ article concerning physical activity in public parks suggest that simply having more available recreational areas will influence the public to be active. Setting aside land for public space is done at both state and federal levels but at times get wasted and not used to its upmost potential. An organization out of Fl... ...ivity promotion and parks and recreation, the role of public parks and recreation setting has been acknowledged only recently by public health professions.† An area that has been revolutionized within the last century and only has room to grow, innovate and change the lives of all. â€Å"Despite the increasing recognition of the growing role of parks and recreation, a number of questions remain unanswered about how park and recreation programs are central to physical activity promotion within communities. (1)† Regardless the fact that these public places are positively influencing our communities, children lives, and inevitably paving the way for a healthier tomorrow should be reason enough to support the construction and use of more public spaces. Healthier, happier people are the outcome of these areas, lets embrace these spaces and make an effort to keep them clean.

Milgram’s Destructive Obedience Essays -- Psychology

Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best known for an experiment he did regarding destructive obedience (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2011). According to McLeod, Milgram had originally set out to prove that Germans were somehow more obedient than Americans. This was a short while after WWII had finished and the horrors committed by the Nazis under Hitler’s authority had been learned. His experimental results were contradictory to the results predicted by fellow psychiatrists, college students and some adults of various occupations. They had predicted that very few people would obey an order that would harm another person; however, the actual results proved quite the opposite. Instead of proving that German’s were more obedient, Milgram opened the door to the possibility that anyone is capable of carrying out orders that would harm another person (2007). Douglas Navarick expanded on the experiment’s results and derived a three-stage model for defiance and withdrawal (2012). After comparing the three sources on the previously mentioned topic, it is my belief that the peer reviewed journal (Navarick, 2012) is the most credible. Its credibility is largely accredited to the established requirements of publication in the journal it is found in. Hockenbury and Hockenbury summarized Milgram’s experiments as simply as they could. The test subject was led to believe that the second participant was as uniformed as they were and that their roles in the experiment were chosen at random. They were told that the experiment was about learning and memory and the effect punishment has on them. The test subject was given the role of â€Å"teacher† and the other participant given the role of â€Å"learner† seemingly at random. The second partici... ... it means avoiding personal discomfort. A source is considered credible if it is accepted by general consensus of the experts of the field it concerns. It should also show the scientific facts that support it. A standalone source that does not show any form of reference to other psychologists that agree with or support his/her theory would not be considered as credible. Works Cited Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, S. (2011). Discovering Psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Obedience in Psychology. Retrieved 25 March 2012, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/obedience.html Navarick, D. J. (2012). Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101. Psychological Record, 62(1), 133-154.

Basic Marketing

There are at least three reasons why some customers are not satisfied with the products of certain firms and why micromarketing on the part of a production-oriented company that is inefficient can cost too much. One is that a firm focusing on micromarketing faces the challenge of producing a wide variety of goods or services to a large number of specific and small markets. If such company is inefficient and focuses mostly on production, it will be unable to produce quality goods and services.As a result, its ability to meet the expectations of its specific clients will be direly affected, thereby decreasing the satisfaction of the customers in the long run. Another reason is that a firm that faces the challenge of producing more goods than what it initially believes it can produce requires more of the raw materials it needs in order to meet that higher target. If the company is inefficient in producing such quantity and quality of goods, it is highly likely that the goods produced wi ll lack the basic quality standards.In order to compensate for the inefficiency in the production of such goods, the firm will be most likely forced to reproduce or repair some of its finished products, increasing expenses in the end. Lastly, customers are not satisfied with certain firms that are inefficient in the micromarketing field because such firms lack the ability to focus on the various goods and services that they offer due to multiple markets. 2.Technology impacts marketing environment including the opportunities, challenges and ethical issues that technology possesses. Technology greatly enhances the opportunities for firms because modern tools enable these companies to produce more and target a wider range of clients across geographical boundaries. The use of computers and efficient machines can also increase the efficiency of companies in the production of quality goods in larger quantities. The internet can also be a stronghold of these firms in advertising their prod ucts.Technology also creates certain challenges for these companies, challenges such as harnessing the technology and using it to its fullest potential. Other challenges include competing with other companies using the same technological strategies in the same market and keeping updated with the recent marketing technologies. Lastly, technology also raises certain ethical issues such as the issue of whether it is morally sound for certain firms to replace human labor with machineries.Another ethical issue is whether it is morally sound for companies to use technological tools in â€Å"spying† on the internal performance of their competitors in order to gain certain advantages. Moreover, technology also raises the ethical issue of whether it is morally fitting for firms to produce goods out of the technology available that can potentially bring harm to the buying public and to its competitors just to gain large profits.

Key pieces of legislations promotion Essay

Places a duty for schools to produce a Disability Equality Scheme (DES) and an Access Plan. Schools must encourage participation in all aspects of school life and eliminate harassment and unlawful discrimination Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 Ensure to develop the good relationship between organizations and people. Human Rights Act 1998 Set out the rights of the individuals and guide them how to take action against the authorities if these rights are effected Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Makes it unlawful for educational providers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational need or a disability Children Act 1989 Sets out the duty of local authorities (including schools) to provide services according to the needs of children and to ensure their safety and welfare Education Act 1996 Sets out the school’s responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. The Act also requires schools to provide additional resources, equipment and / or additional support to meet their needs Children Act 2004 Sets out the duty to provide effective and accessible services for all children and underpins the Every Child Matters outcomes Equality Act 2010 Sets out the legal responsibilities of public bodies, including schools, to provide equality of opportunity for all citizens. This brings together nine equality laws Table B: Code of Practice about promotion of equality and valuing of diversity Code of Practice Purposes The special educational needs code of practice 2001 This code outlines the statutory guidance for policy and the procedures and responsibilities

Physical Condition Of Nepal Essay

Nepal is an independent democratic nation. The country is bordering between two big countries like China and India. It is developing country where the socio-economic status of the people is very low. The economic growth of the country has not improved substantially. According to the CBS, 2001. The total population is Nepal 23151423 where (11-587502) 50.06 percent are female and (11563921) 49.94 percent are male. It. means that women constitutes more than half of the population in Nepal. GEOGRAPHICAL MAP OF NEPAL In the national development, women play vital role, male dominated country females are considered low standard and of less value. Literacy rate differs vastly. 42.5 percent women are literate and where 65.1 percent men are literate. According to the CBS report, 2001. But in recent years people have started realizing the importance of women role and participation in the economy as well as social and developmental activities. So without women participation development goals can not be fully attained. Therefore we can say that men and F women are two pillars of the development. In recent world scenario, women have been actively participating in the political and social aspect. The voice of equality for men and women was raised first in the western countries, after the analytical revolution the women of these countries demanded equal rights for them. NATIONAL FLAG OF NEPAL Nepal is a multi language, multi culture, multi religion, and multi parti system country. There are many language and many culture but they believe in every language and culture each other. Tourism is about the movement of people. Tourists are the outside who travel away from their usual environment. They are from different countries, culture, tradition and  interest. Therefore, every tourist brings his own culture with him/her and there is a meeting of more than two cultures in tourism. Since, tourism is the hospitality or service industry, we are expected to behave as per liking, interest and style of the tourists. NEPALESE CULTURE Culture is tourism’s main attraction. Without culture, every place would be seen ironically the same. Without different culture heritage, the places around the world would have little to offer that could attract the purpose of tourism. The cultures of different countries can vary greatly to attract people from a particular country, which is important to know cultural differences. The choices of interest of determined by the age, sex, culture and nationality such as children are interested to play and enjoy, young generations like to be informal and take part in adventure activities where older generations are more disciplined, formal and enjoy cultural tours. An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century, Nepal entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward sustainable economic growth since the 1950s and is committed to a program of economic liberalization. Nepal has used a series of five-year plans in an attempt to make progress in economic development. It completed its ninth economic development plan in 2002; its currency has been made convertible, and 17 state enterprises have been privatized. Foreign aid accounts for more than half of the development budget. Government priorities over the years have been the development of transportation and communication facilities, agriculture, and industry. Since 1975, improved government administration and rural development efforts have been emphasized. Agriculture remains Nepal’s principal economic activity, employing 80% of the population and providi ng 37% of GDP. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 33% is forested; most of the rest is mountainous. Rice  and wheat are the main food crops. The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus, part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. Economic development in social services and infrastructure has not made dramatic progress due to GDP dependency on India. A countrywide primary education system is under development, and Tribhuvan University has several campuses. Please see Education in Nepal for further details. Although eradication efforts continue, malaria had been controlled in the fertile but previously uninhabitable Terai region in the south. Kathmandu is linked to India and nearby hill regions by road and an expanding highway network. The capital was almost out of fuel and transport of supplies caused by a crippling general strike in southern Nepal on February 17, 2008.[2] Major towns are connected to the capital by telephone and domestic air services. The export-oriented carpet and garment industries have grown rapidly in recent years and together now account for approximately 70% of merchandise exports. Nepal was ranked 54th worst of 81 ranked countries (those with GHI > 5.0) on the Global Hunger Index in 2011, between Cambodia and Togo. Nepal’s current score of 19.9 is better than in 2010 (20.0) and much improved than its score of 27.5 in 1990.[3] Currency 1 Nepalese Rupee (NPR) = 100 paisa Fiscal year 16 July – 15 July Trade organizations WTO Statistics GDP $35.81 billion (2010 est.) GDP growth 4.6% (2010 est.) GDP per capita $1,200 (2010 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (40%), industry (20%), services (40%) (2002 est.) Inflation (CPI) 8.6% (September 2010 est.), 10.6% (October 2011 est. source: myrepublica.com) Population below poverty line 24.7% (2008 est.) Main industries Tourism, garment, food and beverages, metal manufactures, herbs. Ease of Doing Business Rank 107th[1] External Exports $849 million (2009) f.o.b.; note – does not include unrecorded border trade with India (2008) Export goods carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain, herbs, tea Main export partners European Union 42.5%, United States 8%, Bangladesh 6.04%, Germany 5% (2009) Imports $5.26 billion f.o.b. (2008) Import goods Petroleum Products, Gold, Machinery Main import partners India 57%, China 13% (2009) Public finances Revenues $3 billion (FY 2010) Expenses $4.6 billion (FY 2010) The Nepali government has decided to bring timely changes to the country’s coat of arms and bring it into force on Dec. 30, the National News Agency RSS reported on Monday. According to the RSS, the new coat of arms is based on the people’s supremacy, the distinguished identity of the nation, national unity and self-pride. It was developed jointly by artists Nabindra Man Rajbhandari, Himayala Gautam and Krishna Shrestha. Approved by the meeting of the Council of Ministers held on Dec. 14, the coat of arms is made up of the national flag, the symbol of nationality; the world’s highest peak, Mt. Qomolangma; green hills symbolizing the hilly region; woman and man joining hands with one another to symbolize gender equality; yellow  color symbolizing the fertile terai region; a garland of national flower laligurans or rhododendron; paddy ears on the top and a red ribbon with the letters in white reading â€Å"mother and motherland are greater than heaven† in the bottom. Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one’s religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a â€Å"Hindu Kingdom,† although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions. The Government took positive preliminary steps with respect to religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy contributed to the generally free practice of religion. The Interim Parliament, through the Interim Constitution, officially declared the country a secular state in January 2007; however, no laws specifically affecting freedom of religion were changed. Nonetheless, many believed that the declaration made it eas ier to practice their religion freely. However, members of minority religious groups occasionally reported police harassment. Authorities limited the location of and otherwise restricted many public celebrations by the Tibetan community, especially those with political overtones. Adherents of the country’s many religious groups generally coexisted peacefully and respected places of worship, although there were reports of societal abuses and discrimination based on religious belief or practice. Those who converted to another religious group at times faced violence and occasionally were ostracized socially but generally did not fear to admit their affiliations in public. Nepal is moving forward to become the newest republic of the world. After more than 200-years-long Monarchy, Nepal is finally becoming the country ruled by the general people instead of the kings and queens. Nepal has always faced political turmoil. This beautiful country, located in Himalayas in Asia, has very unstable political condition. The recent changes that have shaken Kathmandu with powerful voices, the commitment of leaders toward democracy and public right gives a hope that Nepal is finally moving toward democracy after the 200 years of bureaucracy and political turmoil.  The April revolution of 2006 changed the face of Nepal. It was able to end the decade-long guerilla warfare of Maoist and was successful to bring them into peace into this war-torn country. The Maoist was regarded as one of the big parties and was also offered good proportion of seats on the parliament. The parliament which was formed after the revolution deducted much of the power of the king and took away his authority and power over the military and the administration. An interim administration said he must pay taxes, placed the army under civilian control and removed his image from the 500-rupee note, replacing it with Mount Everest. The main purpose of the Maoist insurgents was to overthrow the Monarchy system from Nepal which has been deeply rooted in Nepalese society both culturally and politically making the political view of Mao Tse-tung, the communist leader of china, the communist party, Maoist, came to main political frame and the parliament after the revolution of 2006. On the Constituent Assembly elections conducted on April 10th, Maoist emerged as the biggest party of Nepal securing 220 seats of parliament while the biggest parties of Nepal, Nepali Congress only won 110 seats which shocked the entire nation as well as the whole world. With overwhelming support and che ers, the first sitting of the constituent Assembly collectively declared the country a Republic late on Wednesday night making Nepal the World’s newest republic and making the king a general, ordinary citizen. In the context of implementing a Republic in the country, the CA meeting directs the then king residing at the Narayanhiti palace and the private secretariat structure ordering him to leave within 15 days. A new Government will soon be formed and Nepal will be having its first president ever and as Maoist have won the election it is for sure that the first president of Nepal will be a Communist leader who is supposed to be the chairman of Maoist party of Nepal known as Prachanda. Nepal will have to face many hurdles even though Nepal has revived itself as a Republic country but people still have fear in their hearts about the condtion that will grow when Maoist will have their government and they fear how things are going to be on the coming days. But for the moment, much of Nepal enjoys and cheers for becoming the worlds new-born Republic country. Pokhara is a remarkable place for natural beauty at an altitude of 827 m above mean sea level & 200 km west of Kathmandu. This city is ever known  as a real paradise in Earth. The Valley is filled with swift flowing river and dotted with clear gleaming lakes. It is blessed with the back drop is the most dramatic sceneries in world. A 140km of panoramic Himalayan ranges seem close enough to be touched. But also can be felt. The magnificence of the Himalayas rising behind the lake create an ambience of peace & magic, popular for water rafting, Kayaking and trekking expeditions following the unification of Nepal in 1769. It took a shape of permanent bazaar (small town). Newar migrants from Kathmandu Valley established business and introduced new architecture design of the city. It grew as a catering place to caravan traders with limited infrastructure facilities located at the break of bulk point along the trans-Himalayan trade routes. Pokhara is a very beautiful natural place. It is rich in natural beauty, it is lies in western develop region of Nepal. Pokhara is a very famous city in Nepal. Many foreigner visit Pokhara to see it natural beauty. Pokhara is develop city. There we can get all facility The highest peak of the world Mount Everest is situated in Solukhunmbu District of Sagarmatha Zone. It is known by the name Sagarmatha in Nepal. It is located 27 ° 59†² North latitude, 86  ° 55†² East longitudes. The official height of this peak is 8848 meters. The temperature lies below 0 °c at the summit. Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest who discovered this peak for the first time. It is very difficult to climb up this mountain because oxygen contained in air becomes lesser as the height increases then it will be difficult to breathe so the climbers take oxygen along with them. Carrying oxygen only also is not enough to climb this peak. You need the special practice that is Acclimatization. In this process a person goes to certain height and come down again so his/her body get used to the reduced oxygen content of the air. It is necessary for the safety climbing. Climbers acclimatize by ascending slowly; resting one day for every 1,000 feet they clim b in one day. On May 29, 1953, Tenzing Norgay Sherpa of Nepal & Edmund Percival Hillary of New Zealand climbed to the summit of Everest for the first time while the first woman to climb it is Junko Tabei of Japan. She succeeded her trip on 16 May, 1975. Chitwan District is one of the seventy-five Districts og Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district is in the western part of Narayani Zone with Bharatpur, the seventh  largest city of Nepal, as its district headquarters. It covers an area of 2,218 km ² and in 2001 had a population of 472,048 people. Bharatpur is a commercial and service centre of central south Nepal and merger destination for higher education, health care and transportation of the region. The district takes its name from the Chitwan Valley, one of Nepal’s Inner Terai valleys between the Mahabharat and Siwalik ranges, both considered foothills of the Himalayas. Narayanghat, on the bank of Narayani River, is the main town with numerous shopping zones where pe ople come from all over the district and neighbouring districts.

Why I Am in College

Channy Dr. Broussard 02/19/2013 The reason why I’m in college is for to better myself by obtaining a degree in Elementary Education, to show my family that I can achieve a degree and for my children. I been out of school for twelve years so this was a big step for me. Trying to juggle college and working full-time is going to be a challenge. I am in college because it is the best way for me to get a high paying job.By going to school and obtaining a bachelor’s degree in education I will be doing what it takes to accomplish my goals. Pie- In order to become a teacher, I’ll have to go to a four year university, pass the Praxis, and the state board. Illustration- The information one learns in college classes will prepare them to teach because it provides the framework for future knowledge and growth. Explanation- Getting a degree is important to me because it allows me to follow in my mother footsteps and teach young children.In order to become a teacher, I’l l have to go to a four-year university, pass the Praxis, and the state board. The information one learns in college classes prepare them to teach because it provides the framework for future knowledge and growth. If I do not acquire this information I will be unfit to teach in a classroom setting. Getting a degree is important to me because it allows me to follow in my mother footsteps and teach young children.

Long-term memory and forgetting, What is the evidence that human Essay

Long-term memory and forgetting, What is the evidence that human long-term memory is modular - Essay Example Significance is also given because of some attachment to some significant aspect (Heffner, 2001). For example, anything that is related to ourselves such as our professional awards and appreciations and so on. Vogel and Drew (2008) inform that long-term memory has massive storage ability. Due to the massive storage ability, the long-term memory can keep massive information in it. We can regard human long-term memory as modular as it retains a wide amount of data. However, this fact cannot be denied that we forget some information. Henderson (1999) describes that we forget because of two factors which are: decay and interference. From decay, he means the impact of time due to which, our long-term memory is sometimes unresponsive and from interference, he means the hindrance or intrusion that is caused because of some event or happening. By considering the phenomenon of forgetting, we cannot disregard the modularity of human long-term memory. Vogel and Drew (2008) report in â€Å"Why do we forget things?† that our long-term memory keeps records of information in a detailed format and the information it keeps cannot be considered as uncertain because the long-term memory keeps an massive amount of information for the lifetime. We forget because of interference and at that juncture, when we forget, we have to voluntarily search our memory for the forgotten event or item and with the search, we will be able to remember the right answer for our question (Vogel and Drew, 2008). Heffner (2001) regards forgetting as a natural phenomenon. He informs that when we are not able to remember anything, it cannot be said that the information is lost forever, it stays there. The information that is saved in our long-term memory cannot be retrieved at sometime because of some distraction and temporary problem. This distraction or interference is only for the time being as the information can be gained later on (Heffner,

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World War II - Essay Example The war mainly caused many economic consequences that resulted in some affected countries lagging behind in development to the extent of not regaining their economic power even many years after the war. The main origin of this war was the creation of the German-Japanese-Italian alliance in the early 1930s. The formation of this alliance was with sole intention of expanding their boundaries by conquering their weaker neighbors. The older colonial powers such as Britain, Holland, and France were not impressed by this move from their rivals. Italy and German had entered into the colonial scramble like their rivals but because they developed late, they lacked the best territories that were strategically placed. The little territories they managed to acquire did not satisfy their increasing demands to expand their boundaries due to the little economic significance that the territories possessed. Tension arouse as the Triple Alliance, Germany, Italy, Japan and Hungary wanted to expand their territories by any means possible even if it was by conquering the Triple Entente’s, Britain, France and Russia, territories. The Triple Alliance wanted to conquer these territories due economi c reasons. Most of these territories were rich in minerals such as gold, diamond, and silver. These territories also had rich and fertile lands that the Triple Alliance realized would be useful to cultivate crops that would provide raw materials for their factories (McDonough, 1997). After the First World War, there was a critical breakdown in the international payments system. The production levels in many countries fell, thus affecting the international trade. Rich minerals such as gold was only concentrated in the hands of the capitalists nations such as Britain, USA, France and their allies. Despite the fact that they possessed plenty of gold, these specific nations were also in control of major resources and raw materials all over the world. This economic factor led to a

WWII, Holocaust, Cold War, and Postmodernism Coursework - 1

WWII, Holocaust, Cold War, and Postmodernism - Coursework Example The paper "WWII, Holocaust, Cold War, and Postmodernism" analyzes the holocaust, the cold war, and world war II and their connection with postmodernism. The United States did not get on board with World War II unless it absolutely had to fight back against one of the Axis Powers, which was Japan. During the Holocaust, this atrocity might not have occurred if more people would have defended the rights of human beings to live and coexist peacefully with people from other religious backgrounds, faith traditions, ethnicities, and ability levels. There were numerous people that were murdered due to the fact that the Germans considered them â€Å"undesirable.† The groups included in the undesirable category cut through a wide swath of people, not just limited to the Jewish people—but also extended to the Gypsies (also known as the Roma or Romani), disabled individuals, individuals with birth defects, homosexuals, Communists, artists, poets, musicians, writers, and anyone else who was considered â€Å"subhuman.† It is very common knowledge that the Germans were ruthless in their treatment of the concentration camp prisoners, for the most part. Elie Wiesel, in his book Night, describes how the blue smoke of the children rose up from the crematories. He describes how he will never forget that night, not as long as he lived, and basically until the death of God himself he promised never to forget. In a way, his writing symbolized a kind of spiritual death as one sees his hopes and dreams turned to dust.

A Mobile Application for Home Depot Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Mobile Application for Home Depot - Case Study Example The flow of information within the organization network determines the efficiency of operations and the ease of access of information of customers. Maintaining up to date records and managing inventories is an attribute that allows organizations to remain viable within a competitive economy, for this reason, it is crucial for organizations to manage their information distribution networks and manage the people and their access to information to achieve effectiveness in an organization. Home Depot is an organization that has remained behind in innovation and integration of information technology in their distribution networks. Consequently, the organization has underperformed owing to their old information management systems that are ineffective and poor development of their website. The new CEO of new depot has a vision for the information distribution network of the organization. To start with, he builds a mobile network for information flow within the organizations. First phones wi ll allow the organizations to manage their inventories in real time as the selling operations take place. This real time update of the inventories will ensure that business records are effectively maintained without requiring manual entry of information. In addition, the associates of Home Depot can, through the mobile application, seamless monitor inventories remotely from any store. Resultantly, business operations will be automated, making it easier for even one manager to monitor all business operations remotely. Secondly, the organization strategy to develop an interactive website will form a core part of their information distribution network. Through the website, they can disseminate marketing information to their target customers which is expected to make the public more conscious of their products and attract more online buyers (Reynolds 6). Developing an effective information distribution network will harness more profits for the organization by ensuring that information f lows effectively to the customers, and that business operations are timely and automated. Management of people for retrieval of knowledge is a critical aspect of business organizations. The CEO of Home depot has integrated technology in people management to ensure that both employees and customers are well coordinated. His idea to equip the employees with First Phones is geared towards the development of an effective communication between the employees of Home Depot. As Reynolds (6) points out, communication is a key aspect of the people management in a business environment. First phones will allow employees to communicate effectively from their locations and coordinate with each other without having to respond to the fixed walkie-talkies that demand a fixed employee presence, which will hasten communication. The blogger site will allow customers to post their feedback and receive answers from their questions. In turn, customer feedback can be adopted to develop goods that correspon d to customers’ preferences. Consequently, Management of the information systems will be a customer value approach that will help to satisfy customers better. Case Study, Marketing With Facebook Marketing policy is the vehicle that drives an organization’s products from their point of development to their point of selling at the customer site. Currently, information technology has opened an avenue for organizations to distribute their product information to their customers and allow customers to acquire this information. The internet platform has become a superior strategy for organizations to define the face of the marketing policy and roll out their products more efficiently. Facebook is one of the social media online services that have been embraced for organizational marketing. Organizations utilize

Personal project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal project - Assignment Example Such countries include Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (GDA 1). Their vision is to bring together top-tier research organisations, for companies (both profit and non-profit) from the Front Range in order to synchronise the exceptional strengths of every Consortium member along with the entire multi-disciplinary expertise so as to improve knowledge awareness of need, inform research and science efforts and eventually offer real-time and location-specific information globally to inform choices that ensure the development of agriculture, as well as public health (GDA 1). The current projects being run by GDA are West Africa Weather Station Installation and Agriculture RE-Analysis of Precipitation Data both in Africa. These projects begun on July, 2014 and still run to date. They are meant to enhance the broader goal of the organisation and that is enhancing food security (GDA 1). The project that I intend to aid is the Weather Station Installation project, which seems to be more fascinating. With the proper kind of research, it would be worthwhile to involve myself in such a

Business economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business economic - Essay Example Thus, a double-dip recession occurs when the GDP rises to positive levels (the recovery period) followed by negative levels (another recession) (Quiggin, 2010). It is often referred to as the â€Å"W-shaped† recession (Quiggin, 2010). One of the most prominent double-dip recessions took place in the 1980’s in the United States (Appendix 1) (Quiggin, 2010). Two recessions occurred in the 1980’s in the United States. Initially, the economy shrunk by 8%, then grew at 8% after which the economy dipped into the second recession due to the Federal Reserve’s policy to raise interest rates to curb inflation (Quiggin, 2010). Following that, the economy re-entered into growth for the rest of the years (Quiggin, 2010). Although, there are no definite characteristics that define a recession, there are a few symptoms that are generally agreed by economists. First is the inverted yield curve model which was determined by Jonathan H. Wright which uses 10 year yield of Tr easury Securities as an input (LaBonte et al., 2010). Second, is the change in unemployment rate over a three month period (LaBonte et al., 2010). Third, lower prices of assets including real estate and financial assets as well as large personal and corporate debts (LaBonte et al., 2010). ii) The contraction in Ireland’s economy was of particular significance at a time when other Euro nations were showing positive growth rates. This fall in Ireland’s GDP is attributed firstly, according to Author of the Bulletin, Dr. Dan McLaughlin, Group Chief Economist, Bank of Ireland, to the drastic fall in capital spending. Although capital spending decreased by 11%, on average, throughout the rest of the developed world; in Ireland it fell by a drastic 30% along with a 34% decline in building and construction activity (McLaughlin, 2010). The share of construction in general, and house-building in particular now accounts for only 2.5% of Ireland’s GDP, compared to 12% in 20 05 (McLaughlin, 2010). Secondly, consumption expenditure also saw a decline throughout the Western regime by 1.1%, due to reduced employment and falling growth in wages (McLaughlin, 2010). In the case of Ireland, employment slashed by 8% along with decline in wages which partially contributes to the fall in real consumer purchase power of Ireland (McLaughlin, 2010). A significant trend emerged at this point; that of higher savings. Although real disposable income dipped in Ireland, it was accompanied by a rise in the marginal propensity to save, leading to a higher savings ratio (McLaughlin, 2010). At the same time, Ireland’s exports fell by much more than that of its Euro competitors, implying that Net Exports also declined. Thus, to sum up; since all the components of GDP including consumption, investment and government expenditure along with net exports fell, GDP was bound to decline. iii) A Keynesian style stimulus package is a policy measure used by policymakers and inst itutions that involves stimulating one or more of the components that make up aggregate demand in an attempt to increase employment, income and output of an economy (Tool & Samuels, 1989). This approach is consistent with the Keynesian theory that negative output gap can lead to a bottleneck in the economy; a situation it finds difficult to escape. The paradox of thrift comes into force whereby loss of valuable consumer and investor confidence combined with high propensity to save exacerbates the recession (Meltzer, 1988). If such is the situation,

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch Essay

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch - Essay Example A government consists of three branches; the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The President of America has the right to revisit a bill, which undergoes two of the branches and forms into a law if approved by two-thirds of the people from both houses. On the contrary, the King of Britain has â€Å"an absolute negative† regarding approval from the houses. This naturally means agitation both from the Parliament and the public before a law is implemented rather by play than force. This authority is only invested in the King and not the President. Then Hamilton states four concrete points of difference between the King and the President: 1. The President has the authority to command the militia occasionally unlike the King of Great Britain and the governor of New York, who can command the whole militia at all times remaining in their numerous jurisdictions. Hence the power of the President is second-rate as compared to the other two. 2.   It is the duty of the Presid ent to be commander-in-chief of the United States’ army and navy. This article brings the President on equal grounds with the King and the governor, however lesser in substance. The President cannot declare war or regulate fleets and armies. Only the legislature has this authority. 3. The President can pardon call cases except for the impeachment case. This is not the case with the governor of New York who can even deal with the impeachment cases except for assassination and treachery. This is aggressively questioned by Hamilton for its undeserving distribution of power vested in the President. 4. The King of Great Britain and the governor of New York respectively have the influence to disband the Parliament or the legislature of the State which may be a purposeful control employed by the governor in certain delicate matters. The President, however, remains at the level of just adjourning only the national legislature under a single case of disagreement circumstance (Hamilton , 1992). These differences have been pointed out to display the real character of the executive, the President of the United States, who may not be compared to the King of Great Britain, not even the governor of New York. In reality, the U.S. Constitutions only recently gained power as the American Legislators made a conscious effort to regain the executive branch through the trust of the people. The President is the magistrate elected by the people of the United States. He is not completely independent because he is chosen for four years through fair elections (Tocqueville, 1945). The power as it is seen in the constitution did not exist prior to the introduction to the Constitutions of the United States. The people lived under the Articles of Confederation, which did not have an executive branch and it lasted for forty years (Prince, 1867). It was considered weak without the executive branch.  Ã‚  

Christian Apologist Essay Example for Free

Christian Apologist Essay Included in the 10 most influential Christians of the 20th century alongside Karl Barth, Pope John XXIII, Martin Luther King Jr, and Billy Graham, the Christian History magazine named him the atheist scholar who became an Anglican, an apologist, and a ‘patron saint’ of Christians everywhere. He was also dubbed as an â€Å"apostle to the skeptics† because he resolutely answered frequent objections individuals had when it came to accepting Christ as their Savior (christianodyssey. com). Born into a Protestant family in Ireland on November 29, 1898, C.   S. Lewis was the son of A. J. Lewis, a solicitor, and Flora Augusta, a promising mathematician. He bore a lonely and unhappy childhood. Especially crushed by the death of his mother due to cancer when he was nine years old, Lewis was left disheartened with God (christianodyssey. com). Lewis came to reject Christianity at an early age, becoming an affirmed atheist. He reasoned that Christian myths were mediocre and that the Christian god must be a sadist (about. com). Whilst being inquired about his religious view, C. S.  Lewis labeled the worship of Christ and the Christian faith as one mythology among many. (christianodyssey. com). Lewis was married to Helen Joy Davidman. She was a Jewish American with two children of her own. Davidman was good-natured and shared her husband’s joy in argument. Sadly, she died of cancer in 1960 (kirjasto. htm). After a prolonged period poor health and sporadic recovery, Lewis himself died on November 22, 1963 (christianodyssey. com). Fondly called Jack by his loved ones, Lewis was a well-known professor at both Oxford and Cambridge. Lewis’ 25 books on Christian topics include Mere Christianity (1952), The Problem of Pain (1940), Miracles (1947), The Screwtape Letters (1942), Surprised by Joy (1955) and The Great Divorce (1945). The Pilgrim’s Regress (1933) was about his own experience while on his way to conversion (christianodyssey. com). In The Problem of Pain (1940), it is asked, If God is good and all-powerful, why does he allow his creatures to suffer pain? Here, Lewis reasoned that the wrong choices people tend to make usually account for the suffering they are eventually faced (kirjasto. htm). Here we see that Lewis is trying to give rational answers to queries people have without completely basing it on blind faith. Critics usually look for an understanding based on the cause-and-effect principle. The Chronicles of Narnia has turned out to be the most lasting of Lewiss novels. It retells the story of the Creation, the fall and redemption of humanity and also includes other Christian themes in allegorical form. The portal to Narnia, a version of Paradise, is a wardrobe through which four sibling children enter this secondary world. In the first story the bad Witch is destroyed in a battle. The final books deal with Narnias beginning and end. In the last Armageddon story, with its death-and-resurrection theme, the struggle was between a king and the forces of evil (kirjasto. htm). We need to understand here that if readers can understand the mechanics of Narnia and how the plot of this story works with the inclusion of certain Christian themes, they can better understand Christian beliefs from a more objective point of view and accept it. The same point of view they read and understood The Chronicles of Narnia. Lewis presented the basic teachings of orthodox Christianity — teachings he labeled â€Å"mere Christianity† (inplainsite. rg). Lewis went on British radio between 1942 and 1944. His discussions during those years were on what he called mere Christianity, that is, the universal and most doctrinal beliefs of the faith. This very collection of radio talks were later tied together in one of Lewis’ most influential books, Mere Christianity (christianodyssey. com). Lewis’s project in this book was to defend â€Å"mere Christianity,† or the most essential basics of the Christian faith, against unbelievers. (leaderu. com) Lewis based his defense of Christianity on an argument from morality. The Moral Argument states that there is a universal â€Å"moral conscience† amongst all human beings. Everybody possesses an internal sense of moral obligation to realize the difference between right and wrong and choose to do what is right. Lewis ascertains that the existence of this common â€Å"moral conscience,† can only be the consequential result from the existence of a god who created all humans. (about. com). C. S. Lewis disputed for reason-based Christianity as opposed to faith-based Christianity. This is a questionable decision on Lewis’ part because conventional Christianity is indisputably faith-based. Lewis’ principal readers were supposed to be skeptics and atheists rather than current believers. Skeptics doubt for lack of reason and evidence; therefore, only reason and evidence is more likely to draw their reconsideration. In his book, Mere Christianity, Lewis writes: â€Å"I am not asking anyone to accept Christianity if his best reasoning tells him that the weight of the evidence is against it. † (about. com). One of Lewis’ most-often-quoted statements is from Mere Christianity, where he uses reason and logic to introduce three possibilities to us (often known as the Lewis trilemma). According to this trilemma, either Jesus really was God and intentionally lying, or was not God but reckoned himself to be (which would make him a lunatic). Mere Christianity goes on to say that the latter likelihood is not consistent with Jesus character and it is, therefore, most likely that he was being truthful A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic—on the level with a man who says he is a poached egg—or else he would be the devil of hell. You must make your choice. Either this man was, and is, the Son of God: or else a madman or something worse. You can shut him up for a fool, you can spit at him and kill him as a demon; or you can fall at his feet and call him Lord and God. But let us not come with any patronizing nonsense about his being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not intend to. - Mere Christianity (christianodyssey. com). As mentioned earlier in this paper, C. S. Lewis’ readings are mostly meant for critics and unbelievers of the Christian faith. It is not designed for Christians who have accepted Lord Jesus as their Savior because they do not need to be convinced through reason-based writings about Christianity. Lewis was very interested in presenting a reasonable case for the truth of Christianity. I chose C. S. Lewis for my Apologetics term paper because I had always known this personality as the author of my favorite books. Years later, I was overwhelmingly surprised the depth of these novels in correlation to Christian concepts of Creation, Paradise and Armageddon. The applications of Lewis’ teachings can be seen in his Christian writings. They all lean towards reason, approaching Christianity as a religion that has factual grounds in addition of those relying on faith. C. S. Lewis believed the best apology for Christianity was the life of a believer and the way we live our lives. Non-Christians are more likely to be attracted to Christianity through the non-verbal acts and conduct of our life. However he also believed in verbal apologetics. Lewis believed Christianity was rational but at the same time was ultra-rational, i. e. that it was supernatural and divine and went way beyond the limits and scope of rationality (thatimayknowhim. o. uk). Lewis even believed in theistic evolution. In The Problem of Pain he wrote, â€Å"If by saying that man rose from brutality you mean simply that man is physically descended from animals, I have no objections†¦. For long centuries God perfected the animal form which was to become the vehicle of humanity and the image of Himself. He gave it hands whose thumbs could be applied to each of its fingers, and jaws and teeth and the throat capable of articulation, and a brain sufficiently complex to execute all material motions whereby rational thought is incarnated. The creature may have existed for ages in this state before it became man†¦. We do not know how many of these creatures God made, nor how long they continued in the Paradisal state† – The Problem of Pain (svchapel. org) The uniqueness of Lewis’ writings is fairly obvious. In comparison to other apologists, Lewis appealed to the reader’s emotions and sense of imagination. He, therefore, wanted to write about the essence of Christianity by reflecting upon its poignant, visual and imaginative side in its rational coherence. He wanted for the reader to taste the beauty of the faith; to draw the reader into the magnificent story of God’s salvation, to submerge him/her into the universe of Christianity. Many Christians testified that they started to seek heaven only after reading Lewis’ works. The way he is able to depict heaven and the spiritual world enabled the reader to truly understand the gift of Heaven that awaits us (euroleadershipresources. org). It is from C. S. Lewis that we need to learn that the kind of language used to explore God and the content of Christian faith is a matter of epitome importance. The human language has the potential to mediate feelings and understanding on an extremely poignant level. If implemented correctly Christian apologists need to be excited for themselves because of the relationship they are in with God. This very excitement on such a personal level will only help them better to find the right words and literary expressions needed to present the Christian faith. In this way, thanks to C. S. Lewis, Apologetics will become an effective personal testimony of God’s salvation (euroleadershipresources. org).